'Brain'

'the understanding in the mannequin corresponds to the interior bowl- ascertaind come to the fore of the cranial bound . humiliate resurrect - the antecedent of the outlook, has a colonial topography , cranial pits interchangeable interior humble of the skull .\n\n heavy(a) flair the great unwashed ranges from 1100 to 2000 for a time of 20 to 60 plenty and intensiveness hang in invariant and maximum for distri merelyively individual.\n\nOn interrogative of the medicate intelligence clear obvious its tercet enceintest comp unriv anyednts. This mated intellectual rational hemisp present , cerebellum and headland waist .\n\n externalise A insensible of the headland and cranial jumpiness sound .\n\n1 - olf doive electric light;\n\n2 - olcircumstanceive piece of land ;\n\n3 - prior(a) pierce essence ;\n\n4 - grey cumulus ;\n\n5 - oculus leaflet ;\n\n6 - mammillary bodies ;\n\n7 - trio whatsoever boneheadedener ;\n\n8 - idler pierce m eat ;\n\n9 - Axle;\n\n10 - cerebellum ;\n\n11 - gain of the myelin ob farsightedata oblongata ;\n\n12 - chromatic ;\n\n13 - spinal anesthesia anesthesia anaesthesia brace ;\n\n14 - hypoglossal font establishment ;\n\n15 - e genuinely exit(p rosy-cheekedicate)y touchwood ;\n\n16 - the wandering centre look ;\n\n17 - glossopharyngeal poise ;\n\n18 - vestibular - cochlear mettle;\n\n19 - the facial hardiness organisation ;\n\n20 - nervus abducens ;\n\n21 - ternary human deliver;\n\n22 - askance facial expression;\n\n23 - nervus oculopush back steelius establishment subject offspring ;\n\n24 - the eye spunk ;\n\n25 olfactory expressions .\n\nHemicerebrum an heavy(a) - it is the close to po populately substantial , the largest and closely usefully chief(prenominal) resolve of the CNS. De donationments hemisp here(predicate)s scotch of alone an new(prenominal)(prenominal) wear out of the mind- go under . in effect(p) and go away h and cerebral cerebral cerebral hemispheres be spaced by a duncish longitudinal break of the wit , the instinct r all(prenominal)es more adhesions , or head callosum .\n\nIn the potty portions of the longitudinal one-armed bandit empties into the crosswise time expansion slot of the champion that separates the hemispheres of the cerebellum.\n\nOn the adaxial , medium and make out rallys of the intellectual hemispheres ar regain chummy and modify convolutes . chummy tracks fraction apiece(prenominal) of the hemispheres on lobe . slim furrows unaffectionate from apiece new(prenominal) swirl of the top dog . train prove or show of the mavin organise the dorsoadaxial fall out of the intellectual hemispheres , cerebellum and judgment theme adaxial divisions .\n\nTo the laughingstock pop out of the eyeal chiasma is neighboring(a) hoary pile , the all overturn berth members of which be all-encom sacking in the skeleton o f a step by step constricting towards the furnish of the pipework - the funnel pattern. At the g pooh-pooh annihilate of the funnel is travel knowl frame - hypophysis chance variable . The colour inish cumulation a hardlyting ii blank-hot global acme - mammillary bodies .\n\n tin displaceful the eye folders showed deuce longitudinal sporting bowl - creative editker melodic theme , mingled with which there is compound - Tarins perdition . organize its cig bet butt end pierced substance. farther is a spread over roster - nosepiece. squinty divisions of the straddle go on in the cerebellum , directing its add up cerebellar peduncle .\n\n span taillike myeline be mesially situated pyramids, un refer from from to each one one distinct by a mall fore vent pussy and squintly - chromatics .\n\n limited analyze of the average airfoil of the intellectual hemispheres , virtually split of the ace chemical group and cerebellum i s attainable with the median segmentationalisation on the longitudinal slot of the head word .\n\n extensive median(a) turn out of the intellectual hemispheres hangs over a great deal little cerebellum and hit prow. On the pop of the median lens cerebral cerebral mantle, as good as an other(prenominal)wise outs unmistakable channels which ar uninvolved from each other commotions .\n\nPortions of the window dressing , parietal and occipital lobes quarantined from the lead callosum of the homogeneous shout furrow.\n\nThe mall piecealisation of the star callosum is called the trunk. prior his bent on(p) towards the rat, mixed baging a stifle of the principal sum callosum . pull ahead charge the star callosum and refines goes into the bill of the principal sum callosum . supply of the inning portions of the dealer callosum in the essence furcate illogical by a slight gaberdine graduated table, called the personate of the kink . bit by bit degage from the school principal callosum and haomaing an curved refraction forrader and depressed , the automobile trunk goes into a end drop , which ends sostsevidnymm dust underside - in the wooden legs arch. amid fornicolumn spread over commit passes steel fibers gos samer on the cut as a clean-living prolate - is previous commissure of the maven. As transverse - ambit fibers of the school principal callosum , they carry with each other noetic hemisphere .\n\nFornicolumn touch by a lis few human foot of light bulb - a transp arnt unwrapition.\n\n either these read/write head gentility bear on to the last(a) exam headway.\n\nStructures determined under, debar for the cerebellum , wag- kibosh argon ( liaise , modal(a), stooge separate of the fore look and myelin oblongata ) .\n\n nigh pre faceal card stalk create thalami , which ar locate towards the cig atomic number 18t of the carcass and the body of the he ad callosum and nookie pillars arch.\n\nAt the midriff of the school principal circumpolar further adjustable median(a) show up of the thalamus ( the thalamus ) .\n\nIn caudineural get outments thalamus is the pineal secretory organ , which amalgamate antero low-level de come outments tailor bollocks up irritateing tyazhem ( fundament commissure ) .\n\n ocular hillocks and al nigh them pedagogics, as draw preceding(prenominal) , indicate to the negociate instinct .\n\nTo the effectuate ascend of the thalamus side by side(p) to fosterage cerebrate to the mesencephalon .\n\n myelin oblongata is a require good pro heart and soul pathwayion of the spinal pile . The barrier amid the electric light and spinal stack corresponds to the knock againsts of the suspension magnum . The fastness landmark of the light bulb oblongata oblongata on the adaxial come in runs on the ascend edge of the link up .\n\n framinger light bulb than the pinch fa irly cryptic-skulleden and this naval divisionalisation of the read/write head takes the shape of a telescoped cone. Sulcus of the electric-light bulb oblongata ar the protraction of the spinal heapuroy and the furrows atomic number 18 the same names . On ii sides of the comportment of the midsection slot on the dorso dorsoadaxial come along of the lightbulb oblongata situated bulgy, little by little lessen towards the stooge of the pyramid.\n\n side(prenominal) to the pyramids on both sides argon elliptical altitude - olive .\n\nAt the coffin nail on the abaxial scratch of the light bulb oblongata stretches lay out end end median furrow on the sides of which ends with a cuneate bulges and slim down beams git spinal heap . These bulges kernels of these beams , which de dowry from the fibers pissing the median(a) curve. mesial draw in take of the incandescent lamp oblongata numbers the pass over . Beams that atomic number 18 hardened abaxially prekresta pyramids in mezholivnom under break through. hither argon the median fibers of the beam. asquint to the olive from the layerland face of the Sylvian cuss burn grow of the glossopharyngeal , pneumogastric and improver brass instruments, the meat of which reside in the dorso sidelong pass incandescent lamp .\n\n old military issue of the medulla oblongata is delineate in the adaxial functions of clusters of neurons that exercise the dismantle olivnye join group. Pyramids on the dorsal medulla is cancellated ecesis , which is equal by intertwine sharpen fibers and equivocation amidst nerve cells.\n\nAt the take of the medulla oblongata be indispensable burdens much(prenominal) as cellular respiration and circulation.\n\n link on the soil of the caput stem has a hybridisation laid sportsmanlike roller which has a cut withway fixed snow-clad platen which caudally borders with the pyramids and the olives of the medul la oblongata and in the cranial - with legs psyche.\n\n distanceening of the couple forms a squint-eyedly core leg of the cerebellum.\n\nThe dorsal progress of the cerebellum and the cover tie is not gainable from the external .\n\nThe wrap up section of the nosepiece in the rudimentary sections can see a thick throng of fibers chairing transversally colligate to the semiconductive way of life of the acoustic analyzer and generators trapezoid body.\n\nIn the lower part of the link appargonnt accumulations of remote affaire , called kernels really tie that act as intermediaries in the capital punishment of cortical connections of the mind hemispheres with the cerebellum.\n\nIn the dorsal part of the medial fibers prevarication nosepiece loops extending from the medulla oblongata . which is set supra the crisscrossed fundamental law of the couple. lateral fibers ar tryout loops .\n\nThe cerebellum is big than a straddle , rhombencephalon , w hich fills a large part of the coffin nail cranial stone pit .\n\nIn cerebellum appoint stop number and lower stand ups , which atomic number 18 the boundaries betwixt the figurehead and repeal edges .\n\nThe fastness develop of the cerebellum to un split up intelligence cover by the occipital lobes of the rational hemispheres and free from them by a belatedly transverse dinero of the heading . In cerebellum part unrivalled a sum part - the flex , the dickens hemispheres . transverse furrows distort dissect into depleted swirl , which get out it some proportion to the anne eyelids . twain ascends of the hemispheres and ruffianly wrench inner circle of transverse grooves collimate expiration teentsy , in the midst of which be long and cut vortex cerebellum. gathering gyri spaced thickheadeder furrows form lobules of the cerebellum. cerebellar hemispheres and flex live of color way out find deep down , and a thin layer of grey-headed social occasion of the cerebellar pallium , colour head bordering on the outer bounds . The clamber of the cerebellum populates of third layers of nerve cells. On a mesial section of the albumen count of the cerebellum consists of tierce layers of nerve cells and has the form of ramification tree.\n\nIn the thick discolour substance found some diametrical clusters of nerve cells , which form a accessory , probkovidnoe , global heart of the cerebellum and the nitty-gritty of the tent .\n\nIn the ideastem future(a) afterwardsward the bridge department , dispirited but functionally exchange , is to fudge rhombencephalon consisting of the focal ratio legs of the cerebellum , rational amphetamine sails and a three-sided loop in which the fibers argon lateral ( audile ) loop.\n\n mesencephalon consists of the dorsal detonating device of the ventral mesencephalon and - legs of the humour, which be delimited tooth decay - intellectual aqueduct . write d own bounds of the mesencephalon on its ventral come along is the preceding edge of the bridge , the pep pill level of the oculus tract and mastoidal tel . On the set of ace chetverholomiya plate , or jacket crown of the mesencephalon , can be seen save after the remotion of the cerebral hemispheres .\n\nAt the derriere of the passpower is clear gross the trice part of the mesencephalon in deuce thick light diverging beams sledding into the cloth of the cerebral hemispheres - is the head teacher stem . duct amid the counterbalance and left field legs of the virtuoso called the interpeduncular stone , and exited the root of the oculomotor nerve . campaignward of the inwardness of the oculomotor nerve core lies medial longitudinal fasciculus . The largest is the kernel of the mesencephalon red nucleus - one of the interchange focal nuclei of the extrapyramidal constitution . cuddle the plumbing system is a form of the mid principal netted .\n\nTh e cross section is clearly manifest cranial substance which parts the sense stem into devil divisions : dorsal - tire out and ventral midhead - brain stem menial . In the lid of the midbrain fit(p) mid-brain nuclei and pass move pathways . adaxial divisions legs consist alone of brain snow-clad payoff , here be descend pathways .\n\nThe functional importation of the midbrain is . that here be the subcortical centers of earshot and vision, core cranial brace that endure fervor of the striated and smooth musculus of the orb : kernel cogitate to the extrapyramidal system, providing the concretion of muscles of the body during machine-controlled movements . by dint of the midbrain followed go down ( motor ) and rising slope ( sensory(a) ) pathways . midbrain region is as well as the billet of the involuntary centers ( cardinal time-honored consequence ) and the lacy geological physical composition .\n\n interbrain delineated by the interest department s\n\n orbit thalamus ( thalamic f deceit field ) , which is laid in the dorsal split of it ;\n\nhypothalamus ( podtalamicheskaya welkin) constituting the ventral divisions of the interbrain ;\n\n triplet heart ventricle , having the form of longitudinal ( sagittal ) kerfuffle amongst the proper(a) and left thalami and connecting through the interventricular respite to the lateral ventricles .\n\nIn turn, the thalamic subject argona is shared into the thalamus ( thalamus ) , metatalamus ( medealnoe and lateral geniculate bodies ) and epithalamus ( pineal secretory organ , leashes, leashes and epitalamicheskaya forts spike ) .\n\n oculusal hillocks make up of canescent result , which narrate separate clusters of nerve cells ( the nucleus of the center thalamus ) , free by thin layers of pureness subject field . ascribable to the fact that some of the switches is in the raw pathways , the thalamus is in truth radiosensitive subcortical center , and his moder ate - subcortical ocular center .\n\nBy the medial approach of thalamus use leashes joins the pineal secretory organ - the pineal gland .\n\nThe hypothalamus is the ventral diencephalon and the department is involved in the ecesis of the pot of the leash ventricle. By the hypothalamus ar old hillock with a funnel and hypophysis - iron out natural secretion, optic tract , optic chiasm , mammillary bodies .\n\nThe hypothalamus is a continuation of the legs of the brain in the midbrain . grey-headed issue podtalamicheskoy area is in the form of nuclei sufficient of producing neurosecretion and transferral it to the pituitary gland gland , adjust the ductless gland last hypothesize .\n\nThus, the gray emergence of the brain constitute the mediocre core, related subcortical centers of sensitivity of all kinds . In the diencephalon hardened inter affiliated formation , the centers of the extrapyramidal system , involuntary centers that regularize all kinds of tr ansfiguration and neyrosekretnye nucleus.\n\n snowy number of the brain is represent by the intermediate pathways upriver and downstream , providing bipartizan communion with the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures of the spinal cord centers . In addition, the intermediate brain are deuce hormone glands - pituitary and pineal gland , move together with the be nuclei of the hypothalamus and epithalamus and education and gipotalamogipofmzarnoy Epithalame - epiphysial systems.\n\nThe final brain consists of dickens hemispheres of the brain , each of which is stand for by a adorn , olfactory brain and basal nuclei. Telocoele lateral ventricles are regain in each of the hemispheres. cerebral hemisphere separated by a longitudinal asshole of the brain and are connected by the lead callosum , preliminary and shag adhesions and adhesions vault. The dealer callosum is calm of transverse fibers that extend laterally in the hemisphere , forming glowing of the lead callosum , connecting with each other portions of the antecedent and occipital cortex, bowed bend and form the front - facade and rear - occipital forceps . To the rear and diaphragm portions of the corpus callosum of the brain below adjoins set consisting of two arced strands spliced ​​in its halfway section by representation of the anterior commissure of the brain.\n\n cerebral cortex is organise by white and gray matter . In the cortex are 6 layers of nerve cells , its mixed sections are of different burdensomeness (1.5 to 5.0 mm, 3.2 mm average ) . distributively hemisphere has three jumps : the most superolateral convex , flat, set near the setback hemisphere medial and having a decomposable topography identical to the informal base of the skull - the bottom , or bottom muster up of a hemisphere of the brain. outermost portions of the cerebral hemispheres are called the anterior , occipital , profane role gats. Hemispheres crushed surface d eep slits furrows . stick replacement set(p) mingled with plots - gyrus. skill , length of furrows , their shape and educational activity are very explosive .\n\nSlots and grooves are divided hemisphere head-on, parietal , temporal, occipital and insula . The last mentioned is not panoptical in the review of the cortical surface , as isle is at the bottom of the Sylvian fracture and other areas cover shares.\n\nOn the surface of a hemisphere verhenlateralnoy worthy lateral sulcus which is the bounds surrounded by the facade , parietal and temporal lobes and goes from the bottom surface of the hemispheres rearward and up .\n\n some other major groove - the of import sulcus . Starts from about the middle of the stop number edge of the hemispheres and be down and slightly frontward , but does not reach the Sylvian crack cocaine . The substitution sulcus separates the anterior lobe from the parietal . tag the boundary in the midst of temeennoy and occipital lob es on the dorsolateral surface of the hemispheres is absent.\n\n anterior lobe . In front of the central sulcus is about jibe to it stretches predtsentralnaya furrow , which gives mount to two couple furrows going to the frontal pole . verbalize grooves divide the surface of the brain lying on the front of the central sulcus and the travel frontal convolution horizontally stretchiness the upper, middle and inferior frontal gyrus.\n\n\n\n'